Transmission delay compensation for intra-frequency band communication

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for operating transceiver circuitry to transmit or receive signals on various frequency ranges. To do so, an electronic device may determine a receive delay between one or more messages received on different component carriers and may transmit the receive delay to a base station to update how communications are transmitted on one of the component carriers. The update made to at least one of the component carriers may compensate for the receive delay between the different component carriers. Compensating for the receive delay may improve operations that delay downlink communications to reduce a likelihood or stop simultaneous downlink and uplink communications by further adjusting for delays seen at an electronic device when communicating with base stations disposed at a different distances from the electronic device.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.62/975,445, “OPTIMIZATION OF MAXIMUM ROUND-TRIP DELAY IN HIGH FREQUENCYNR INTER-BAND CARRIER AGGREGATION COMBINATIONS,” filed Feb. 12, 2020,which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for allpurposes.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates generally to electronic devices, and moreparticularly, to electronic devices that utilize radio frequencysignals, transmitters, and receivers for wireless communication.

This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects ofart that may be related to various aspects of the present disclosure,which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed tobe helpful in providing the reader with background information tofacilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the presentdisclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statementsare to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.Wireless communication systems are rapidly growing in usage. In recentyears, wireless devices such as smartphones and tablet computers havebecome increasingly sophisticated. In addition to supporting telephonecalls, many mobile devices now provide access to the internet, email,text messaging, and navigation using the global positioning system(GPS), and are capable of operating sophisticated applications thatutilize these functionalities.

Transmitters and/or receivers may be included in various electronicdevices to enable communication between user equipment (e.g., userelectronic devices, transmitting or receiving electronic devices) andcore networks on said wireless networks, deployed through a variety oftechnologies including but not limited to access network base stations,such as an eNodeB (eNB) for long-term evolution (LTE) access networksand/or a next generation NodeB (gNB) for 5^(th) generation (5G) accessnetworks. In some electronic devices, a transmitter and a receiver arecombined to form a transceiver. Transceivers may transmit and/or receivewireless signals by way of an antenna coupled to the transceiver, suchas radio frequency (RF) signals indicative of data.

With the introduction of inter-band carrier aggregation for frequencyrange 2 (FR2), which includes frequency bands from 24.25 Gigahertz (GHz)to 52.6 GHz, in the release (Rel-16) of the New Radio standard releaserelating to 5G communications, a network deployment with distributedcells in the inter-band carrier aggregation (CA) combination may lead tolarge signal delay differences among aggregated carriers, as perceivedby user equipment. Furthermore, hardware design constraints precludefull duplex operations of FR2 user equipment, and delays for atransition receive mode to transmit mode (RX/TX) and/or from transmitmode to receive mode (e.g., TX/RX) may be defined in a designspecification concerning 5G communications and/or LTE communications.Indeed, variable signal delay differences between aggregated carriersand the RX/TX and TX/RX switching delays may cause the network to notdesirably allocate uplink resources and downlink resources to the userequipment.

Indeed, when a wireless network is provided through one or more networkaccess nodes (e.g., access network base stations, base stations)physically separated from each other, a combination of the base stationscommunicating with an electronic device may change as the electronicdevice is physically moved but still registered to the access network(e.g., wireless network). Any suitable technology may implement thetechniques described herein with reference to base stations (e.g.,network access nodes). In these cases, one or more transceivers of theelectronic device may be used to receive communications from one or morebase stations and/or from one or more component carriers. Whentransmitting circuitry is shared between base stations and/or componentcarriers, simultaneous transmissions, such as simultaneous uplink anddownlink communications on a first component carrier and on a secondcomponent carrier, may not occur. To enable non-simultaneous uplink anddownlink communications, processing circuitry of the base station and/orof the electronic device may use symbols and timing of respectivesymbols to assign uplink and downlink communication periods. In thisway, the base station and/or the electronic device may operate accordingto a first communication configuration that defines when and howfrequently downlink operations are to occur, when and how frequentlyuplink operations are to occur, how frequently operations are to pausein general to permit another uplink operation to occur, or the like.

When operating to avoid simultaneous transmissions, an electronic devicemay transmit a control signal to a first base station and to a secondbase station to indicate an incoming uplink operation to the first basestation. In response to receiving the control signal, the first basestation may prepare to receive the uplink communication and the secondbase station may delay ongoing downlink communications. However,delaying the downlink communications as performed by the second basestation ultimately slows the downlink communications and may beinefficient.

Various refinements of the features noted above may exist in relation tovarious aspects of the present disclosure. Further features may also beincorporated in these various aspects as well. These refinements andadditional features may exist individually or in any combination. Forinstance, various features discussed below in relation to one or more ofthe illustrated embodiments may be incorporated into any of theabove-described aspects of the present disclosure alone or in anycombination. The brief summary presented above is intended tofamiliarize the reader with certain aspects and contexts of embodimentsof the present disclosure without limitation to the claimed subjectmatter.

SUMMARY

A summary of certain embodiments disclosed herein is set forth below. Itshould be understood that these aspects are presented merely to providethe reader with a brief summary of these certain embodiments and thatthese aspects are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.Indeed, this disclosure may encompass a variety of aspects that may notbe set forth below.

To accommodate communications from multiple base stations (e.g.,multiple access nodes) and/or on multiple component carriers, anelectronic device (e.g., user equipment) may include a transceiver thatmay communicate with the multiple base stations and/or the multiplecomponent carriers. When operating to avoid simultaneous transmissions,the electronic device may transmit a control signal to a first basestation and to a second base station to indicate an incoming uplinkoperation to the first base station. In response to receiving thecontrol signal, the first base station may prepare to receive the uplinkcommunication and the second base station may delay ongoing downlinkcommunications. Delaying downlink communications may permit uplinkcommunication between the first base station and the electronic deviceto occur without interference from downlink communications from thesecond base station. When the second base station interrupts thedownlink communication, symbols of the downlink communications may bedropped.

However, as will be appreciated and disclosed herein, these operationsmay be improved by scheduling uplink communications (e.g., schedulinguplink allocations) based on delays associated with an electronic devicereceiving communications from different component carriers, such ascomponent carriers associated with different base stations. For example,the electronic device and/or a first base station may determine adifference in time between when the electronic device receives a messagefrom the first base station and when the electronic device receives amessage from the second base station. The first base station may proceedto delay an uplink operation requested by the electronic device by thedifference in time to compensate for the delay between the two basestations. When operating in this way, fewer symbols of the downlinkcommunication of the second base station may be dropped, therebypermitting a more efficient operation of the wireless network.

Various embodiments may be used to deploy the disclosed systems. Forexample, the second base station may delay the uplink operation by asame (e.g., fixed) delay amount each time as the difference in time.Furthermore, when more than two base stations are communicating with theelectronic device, the electronic device may determine the longest delaybetween each communication, and transmit the longest delay to the firstbase station as the difference in time. In some cases, the electronicdevice may report the difference in time as part of a report transmittedto the base station, such as part of a user equipment assistanceinformation report. Furthermore, in some cases, one or more of the basestations may determine the delay between communications. For example, afirst base station may determine the delay amount based on signals ormessages received from one or more other base stations and/or based on amessage from the electronic device using timing for one or more of theother base stations. Base stations may also consider frequency ofcommunications (e.g., numerologies used to deploy each base station)when delaying communications. Furthermore, in some cases, the basestations may operate to delay communications based on an indication thatthe electronic device is able to perform simultaneous communication.

In some embodiments, user equipment may include a transmitter and areceiver. The user equipment may include a processor communicativelycoupled to the transmitter and the receiver. Additionally, the userequipment may include memory that includes instructions that, whenexecuted by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations.The operations performed by the processor may include operating thereceiver to receive a first packet at a first time and a second packetat a second time, and may include determining a first difference betweenthe first time and the second time. The operations performed by theprocessor may include operating the transmitter to transmit anindication of the first difference via a first component carrier to afirst base station. The processor may also, when performing theoperations, operate the receiver to receive a communicationconfiguration from the first base station via the first componentcarrier, where the communication configuration may be generated by thefirst base station based on the first difference between the first timeand the second time. The operations performed by the processor mayinclude applying the communication configuration to adjust operation ofthe receiver, the transmitter, or both according to parameters specifiedin the communication configuration, and operating the receiver toreceive a third packet via the first component carrier according to thecommunication configuration.

Furthermore, in some embodiments, a method performed according to thediscussions herein may involve receiving, by a processor of anelectronic device, a first packet via a first component carrier at afirst time according to a first communication configuration. The methodmay also involve receiving, by the processor, a second packet via asecond component carrier at a second time according to a secondcommunication configuration. In some cases, the method may involve theprocessor determining a receive delay at least in part by determining adifference between the first time and the second time, and transmitting,by the processor, a first indication of the receive delay via the firstcomponent carrier. The method may include receiving, by the processor, athird communication configuration via the first component carriergenerated based on the receive delay and applying the thirdcommunication configuration to replace the first communicationconfiguration corresponding to the first component carrier. In somecases, the method includes receiving, by the processor, a third packetvia the first component carrier according to the third communicationconfiguration.

Moreover, in some cases, a method performed according to the discussionsherein may involve transmitting, by a processor of a base station, afirst message on a first component carrier according to a firstcommunication configuration and receiving, by the processor, a receivedelay from an electronic device. The receive delay may be determined bythe electronic device based at least in part on a time differencebetween a first time of reception of the first message and a second timeof reception of a second message. The electronic device may transmit thereceive delay on the first component carrier to the base station. Themethod may include the processor generating a second communicationconfiguration based at least in part on the receive delay andtransmitting the second communication configuration to the electronicdevice on the first component carrier. The method may also includeapplying, by the processor, the second communication configuration toreplace the first communication configuration corresponding to the firstcomponent carrier and transmitting a third message to the electronicdevice on the first component carrier according to the secondcommunication configuration.

Various refinements of the features noted above may exist in relation tovarious aspects of the present disclosure. Further features may also beincorporated in these various aspects as well. These refinements andadditional features may exist individually or in any combination. Forinstance, various features discussed below in relation to one or more ofthe illustrated embodiments may be incorporated into any of theabove-described aspects of the present disclosure alone or in anycombination. The brief summary presented above is intended tofamiliarize the reader with certain aspects and contexts of embodimentsof the present disclosure without limitation to the claimed subjectmatter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various aspects of this disclosure may be better understood upon readingthe following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an electronic device including atransceiver, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a notebook computer representing a firstembodiment of the electronic device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a front view of a handheld device representing a secondembodiment of the electronic device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a front view of another handheld device representing a thirdembodiment of the electronic device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a front view of a desktop computer representing a fourthembodiment of the electronic device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a front view and side view of a wearable electronic devicerepresenting a fifth embodiment of the electronic device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is an illustration of base stations communicating with anelectronic device, such as the electronic device of FIG. 1, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8A is a timing diagram of first example communication schedules forfirst and second base stations of FIG. 7, in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8B is a timing diagram of second example communication schedulesfor the first and second base stations of FIG. 7, in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8C is a timing diagram of third example communication schedules forthe first and second base stations of FIG. 7, in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9A is a timing diagram of fourth example communication schedulesfor the first and second base stations of FIG. 7, in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9B is a timing diagram of fifth example communication schedules forthe first and second base stations of FIG. 7, in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9C is a timing diagram of sixth example communication schedules forthe first and second base stations of FIG. 7, in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a method for operating the electronic deviceof FIG. 7 to transmit or receive radio frequency (RF) signals using acommunication configuration adjusted based on delays seen by theelectronic device, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a method for operating a base station, suchas the base station of FIG. 7, to transmit or receive RF signals using acommunication configuration adjusted based on delays seen by theelectronic device 52, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a method for operating the electronic deviceof FIG. 7 to determine a maximum receive delay from receive delaysassociated with one or more component carriers, according to embodimentsof the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a flow chart of a method for operating the electronic deviceof FIG. 7 to transmit and/or receive RF signals using a communicationconfiguration adjusted based on delays seen by a base station of FIG. 7when receiving one or more physical random-access channel (PRACH)communications, according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a flow chart of a method for operating a base station of FIG.7 to transmit or receive RF signals using a communication configurationadjusted based on delays seen by the base station of FIG. 7 whenreceiving one or more physical random-access channel (PRACH)communications, according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 15 is a timing diagram illustrating two example communicationconfigurations for two component carriers associated with base stationsof FIG. 0.7, according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 16 is a flow chart of a method for operating the base station ofFIG. 7 to transmit and/or receive RF signals using a communicationconfiguration adjusted based on delays seen by the base station of FIG.7 when receiving one or more physical random-access channel (PRACH)communications, according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 17 is an illustration of electronic devices, similar to theelectronic device of FIG. 7, communicating with base stations usingantenna panels, according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 18 is a flow chart of a method for operating the electronic deviceof FIG. 7 to determine which operational mode is suitable to use whencommunicating with one or more base stations of FIG. 7 based on antennapanels of the electronic device of FIG. 7, according to embodiments ofthe present disclosure; and

FIG. 19 is a flow chart of a method for operating the base station ofFIG. 7 to determine which operational mode to use when communicatingwith the electronic device of FIG. 7 based on the antenna panels of theelectronic device of FIG. 7, according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

One or more specific embodiments of the present disclosure will bedescribed below. These described embodiments are examples of thepresently disclosed techniques. Additionally, in an effort to provide aconcise description of these embodiments, all features of an actualimplementation may not be described in the specification. It should beappreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation,as in any engineering or design project, numerousimplementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve thedevelopers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related andbusiness-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation toanother. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a developmenteffort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be aroutine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those ofordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.

When introducing elements of various embodiments of the presentdisclosure, the articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean thatthere are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,”“including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean thatthere may be additional elements other than the listed elements.Additionally, it should be understood that references to “oneembodiment” or “an embodiment” of the present disclosure are notintended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additionalembodiments that also incorporate the recited features. Furthermore, thephrase A “based on” B is intended to mean that A is at least partiallybased on B. Moreover, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive (e.g.,logical OR) and not exclusive (e.g., logical XOR). In other words, thephrase A “or” B is intended to mean A, B, or both A and B.

Various processes are disclosed that may adjust an operating frequencyrange of an antenna. The processes may apply to a variety of electronicdevices. In some embodiments, a control system (e.g., a controller, oneor more processors) of an electronic device may couple or uncouple apower amplifier to or from an antenna, a transmission path (e.g., atransmission channel) associated with the antenna, and/or a receive path(e.g., a receive channel) associated with the antenna, to change whetherthe antenna is able to transmit or receive signals. It is noted that achannel may be a medium used to convey information from a sender(transmitter) to a receiver. It should be noted that sincecharacteristics of the term “channel” may differ according to differentwireless protocols, the term “channel” as used herein may be consideredas being used in a manner that is consistent with the standard of thetype of device with reference to which the term is used. In somestandards, channel widths may be variable (e.g., depending on devicecapability, band conditions). For example, long-term evolution (LTE)networks may support scalable channel bandwidths from 1.4 Megahertz(MHz) to 20 MHz. In contrast, wireless local area network (WLAN)channels may be 22 MHz wide while BLUETOOTH® channels may be 1 Mhz wide.Other protocols and standards may include different definitions ofchannels. Furthermore, some standards may define and use multiple typesof channels, such as different channels for uplink or downlink and/ordifferent channels for different uses such as data, control information,or the like. Also, as used herein, the term “band” has the full breadthof its ordinary meaning, and at least includes a section of spectrum(e.g., radio frequency spectrum) in which channels are used or set asidefor the same purpose.

Furthermore, in additional or alternative embodiments, the processorsmay couple or uncouple inductor circuits to change an operatingfrequency range of the antenna. These processes bring certain advantagesto operation, as is described herein. With the foregoing in mind, ageneral description of suitable electronic devices that may include suchprocessing circuitry is provided below.

Turning first to FIG. 1, an electronic device 10 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may include, among other things,one or more of processor(s) 12, memory 14, nonvolatile storage 16, adisplay 18, input structures 22, an input/output (I/O) interface 24, anetwork interface 26, a transceiver 28, and a power source 30. Thevarious functional blocks shown in FIG. 1 may include hardware elements(including circuitry), software elements (including computer code storedon a computer-readable medium) or a combination of both hardware andsoftware elements. Furthermore, a combination of elements may beincluded in tangible, non-transitory, and machine-readable medium thatinclude machine-readable instructions. The instructions may be executedby the processor 12 and may cause the processor 12 to perform operationsas described herein. It should be noted that FIG. 1 is merely oneexample of a particular embodiment and is intended to illustrate thetypes of elements that may be present in the electronic device 10.

By way of example, the electronic device 10 may represent a blockdiagram of the notebook computer depicted in FIG. 2, the handheld devicedepicted in FIG. 3, the handheld device depicted in FIG. 4, the desktopcomputer depicted in FIG. 5, the wearable electronic device depicted inFIG. 6, or similar devices. It should be noted that the processor 12 andother related items in FIG. 1 may be generally referred to herein as“data processing circuitry.” Such data processing circuitry may beembodied wholly or in part as software, firmware, hardware, or anycombination thereof. Furthermore, the data processing circuitry may be asingle contained processing module or may be incorporated wholly orpartially within any of the other elements within the electronic device10.

In the electronic device 10 of FIG. 1, the processor 12 may operablycouple with the memory 14 and the nonvolatile storage 16 to performvarious algorithms. Such programs or instructions executed by theprocessor 12 may be stored in any suitable article of manufacture thatincludes one or more tangible, computer-readable media at leastcollectively storing the instructions or processes, such as the memory14 and the nonvolatile storage 16. The memory 14 and the nonvolatilestorage 16 may include any suitable articles of manufacture for storingdata and executable instructions, such as random-access memory,read-only memory, rewritable flash memory, hard drives, and opticaldiscs. Also, programs (e.g., an operating system) encoded on such acomputer program product may also include instructions executable by theprocessor 12 to enable the electronic device 10 to provide variousfunctionalities.

In certain embodiments, the display 18 may be a liquid crystal display(LCD) or a digital micromirror display (DMD), which may facilitate usersto view images generated on the electronic device 10. In someembodiments, the display 18 may include a touch screen, which mayfacilitate user interaction with a user interface of the electronicdevice 10. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that, in someembodiments, the display 18 may include one or more organic lightemitting diode (OLED) displays, or some combination of LCD panels andOLED panels.

In some cases, the one or more processors 12 may operate circuitry toinput or output data generated by the electronic device 10. For example,the one or more processors 12 may control and/or operate the memory 14,the nonvolatile storage 16, display 18, input structures 22, aninput/output (I/O interface) 24, a network interface 26, a transceiver28, a power source 29, or the like to perform operations of theelectronic device 10 and/or to facilitate control of the operations ofthe electronic device. In particular, the one or more processors 12 maygenerate control signals for operating the transceiver 28 to transmitdata on one or more communication networks.

The input structures 22 of the electronic device 10 may enable a user tointeract with the electronic device 10 (e.g., pressing a button toincrease or decrease a volume level). The I/O interface 24 may enablethe electronic device 10 to interface with various other electronicdevices, as may the network interface 26. The network interface 26 mayinclude, for example, one or more interfaces for a personal area network(PAN), such as a BLUETOOTH® network, for a local area network (LAN) orwireless local area network (WLAN), such as an 802.11x WI-FI® network,and/or for a wide area network (WAN), such as a 3^(rd) generation (3G)cellular network, 4^(th) generation (4G) cellular network, LTE cellularnetwork, long term evolution license assisted access (LTE-LAA) cellularnetwork, 5^(th) generation (5G) cellular network, or New Radio (NR)cellular network. The network interface 26 may also include one or moreinterfaces for, for example, broadband fixed wireless access networks(e.g., WIMAX®), mobile broadband Wireless networks (mobile WIMAX®),asynchronous digital subscriber lines (e.g., ADSL, VDSL), digital videobroadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T®) network and its extension DVB Handheld(DVB-H®) network, ultra-wideband (UWB) network, alternating current (AC)power lines, and so forth.

In some embodiments, the electronic device 10 communicates over theaforementioned wireless networks (e.g., WI-FI®), WIMAX®, mobile WIMAX®,4G, LTE®, 5G, and so forth) using the transceiver 28. The transceiver 28may include circuitry useful in both wirelessly receiving and wirelesslytransmitting signals (e.g., data signals, wireless data signals,wireless carrier signals, RF signals), such as a transmitter and/or areceiver. Indeed, in some embodiments, the transceiver 28 may include atransmitter and a receiver combined into a single unit, or, in otherembodiments, the transceiver 28 may include a transmitter separate froma receiver. The transceiver 28 may transmit and receive RF signals tosupport voice and/or data communication in wireless applications suchas, for example, PAN networks (e.g., BLUETOOTH®), WLAN networks (e.g.,802.11x WI-FI®), WAN networks (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, NR, and LTE® andLTE-LAA cellular networks), WIMAX® networks, mobile WIMAX® networks,ADSL and VDSL networks, DVB-T® and DVB-H® networks, UWB networks, and soforth. As further illustrated, the electronic device 10 may include thepower source 30. The power source 30 may include any suitable source ofpower, such as a rechargeable lithium polymer (Li-poly) battery and/oran alternating current (AC) power converter.

In certain embodiments, the electronic device 10 may take the form of acomputer, a portable electronic device, a wearable electronic device, orother type of electronic device. Such computers may be generallyportable (such as laptop, notebook, and tablet computers) and/or thosethat are generally used in one place (such as desktop computers,workstations and/or servers). In certain embodiments, the electronicdevice 10 in the form of a computer may be a model of a MACBOOK®,MACBOOK® PRO, MACBOOK IMAC®, MAC® mini, or MAC PRO® available from AppleInc. of Cupertino, Calif. By way of example, the electronic device 10,taking the form of a notebook computer 10A, is illustrated in FIG. 2 inaccordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. The notebookcomputer 10A may include a housing or the enclosure 36, the display 18,the input structures 22, and ports associated with the I/O interface 24.In one embodiment, the input structures 22 (such as a keyboard and/ortouchpad) may enable interaction with the notebook computer 10A, such asstarting, controlling, or operating a graphical user interface (GUI)and/or applications running on the notebook computer 10A. For example, akeyboard and/or touchpad may facilitate user interaction with a userinterface, GUI, and/or application interface displayed on display 18.

FIG. 3 depicts a front view of a handheld device 10B, which representsone embodiment of the electronic device 10. The handheld device 10B mayrepresent, for example, a portable phone, a media player, a personaldata organizer, a handheld game platform, or any combination of suchdevices. By way of example, the handheld device 10B may be a model of anIPOD® or IPHONE® available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Thehandheld device 10B may include the enclosure 36 to protect interiorelements from physical damage and to shield them from electromagneticinterference. The enclosure 36 may surround the display 18. The I/Ointerface 24 may open through the enclosure 36 and may include, forexample, an I/O port for a hard wired connection for charging and/orcontent manipulation using a connector and protocol, such as theLightning connector provided by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif., auniversal serial bus (USB), or other similar connector and protocol.

The input structures 22, in combination with the display 18, may enableuser control of the handheld device 10B. For example, the inputstructures 22 may activate or deactivate the handheld device 10B,navigate a user interface to a home screen, present a user-editableapplication screen, and/or activate a voice-recognition feature of thehandheld device 10B. Other of the input structures 22 may provide volumecontrol, or may toggle between vibrate and ring modes. The inputstructures 22 may also include a microphone to obtain a user's voice forvarious voice-related features, and a speaker to enable audio playback.The input structures 22 may also include a headphone input to enableinput from external speakers and/or headphones.

FIG. 4 depicts a front view of another handheld device 10C, whichrepresents another embodiment of the electronic device 10. The handhelddevice 10C may represent, for example, a tablet computer, or one ofvarious portable computing devices. By way of example, the handhelddevice 10C may be a tablet-sized embodiment of the electronic device 10,which may be, for example, a model of an IPAD® available from Apple Inc.of Cupertino, Calif.

Turning to FIG. 5, a computer 10D may represent another embodiment ofthe electronic device 10 of FIG. 1. The computer 10D may be anycomputer, such as a desktop computer, a server, or a notebook computer,and/or may be a standalone media player or video gaming machine. By wayof example, the computer 10D may be an IMAC®, a MACBOOK®, or othersimilar device by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. It should be notedthat the computer 10D may also represent a personal computer (PC) byanother manufacturer. The enclosure 36 may protect and enclose internalelements of the computer 10D, such as the display 18. In certainembodiments, a user of the computer 10D may interact with the computer10D using various peripheral input devices, such as keyboard 22A ormouse 22B (e.g., input structures 22), which may operatively couple tothe computer 10D.

Similarly, FIG. 6 depicts a wearable electronic device 10E representinganother embodiment of the electronic device 10 of FIG. 1. By way ofexample, the wearable electronic device 10E, which may include awristband 43, may be an APPLE WATCH® by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.However, in other embodiments, the wearable electronic device 10E mayinclude any wearable electronic device such as, a wearable exercisemonitoring device (e.g., pedometer, accelerometer, heart rate monitor),or other device by another manufacturer. The display 18 of the wearableelectronic device 10E may include a touch screen version of the display18 (e.g., LCD, OLED display, active-matrix organic light emitting diode(AMOLED) display, and so forth), as well as the input structures 22,which may facilitate user interaction with a user interface of thewearable electronic device 10E. In certain embodiments, as previouslynoted above, each embodiment (e.g., notebook computer 10A, handhelddevice 10B, handheld device 10C, computer 10D, and wearable electronicdevice 10E) of the electronic device 10 may include the transceiver 28.

Keeping the foregoing in mind, FIG. 7 is an illustration of accessnetwork nodes, such as base stations 50 (e.g., base station 50A, basestation 50B, base station 50C, base station 50D), and user equipment,such as an electronic device 52, according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure. Each of the base stations 50 and/or the electronic device 52may have one or more components similar to the electronic device 10, andthus may include control circuitry, such as the processors 12, memorycircuitry, such as the memory 14 and/or nonvolatile storage 16, whichmay operate together to cause the base stations 50 and/or the electronicdevice 52 to perform operations. It is noted that user equipment able tocommunicate with the access nodes may include any of various types ofcomputer systems device which are mobile or portable and which performswireless communications. Examples of user equipment any suitableportable electronic devices, mobile telephones, smart phones, portablegaming devices, laptops, wearable devices, or the like. In general, theterm “UE” or “UE device” can be broadly defined to encompass anyelectronic, computing, and/or telecommunications device (or combinationof devices) which is easily transported by a user and capable ofwireless communication.

Each of the base stations 50 may be associated with one or more cells54. The term “base station” has the full breadth of its ordinarymeaning, and at least includes a wireless communication stationinstalled at a fixed location and used to communicate as part of awireless telephone system or radio system. The base stations 50 and theelectronic device 52 may be configured to communicate over thetransmission medium using any of various radio access technologies(RATs), also referred to as wireless communication technologies, ortelecommunication standards, such as GSM, UMTS (associated with, forexample, WCDMA or TD-SCDMA air interfaces), LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A),5G new radio (5G NR), HSPA, 3GPP2 CDMA2000 (e.g., 1×RTT, 1×EV-DO, HRPD,eHRPD), or the like. Note that if a respective base station of the basestations 50 is implemented in the context of LTE, it may alternately bereferred to as an “eNodeB” or “eNB”. Note that if a respective basestation of the base stations is implemented in the context of 5G NR, itmay alternately be referred to as “gNodeB” or “gNB”.

Thus, while base stations 50 may act as a “serving cell” for electronicdevices as illustrated in FIG. 7, an electronic device 52 may also becapable of receiving signals from (and possibly within communicationrange of) one or more other cells (which might be provided by basestations 50 and/or any other base stations), which may be referred to as“neighboring cells.” Such cells may also be capable of facilitatingcommunication between user devices and/or between user devices and thenetwork. Such cells may include “macro” cells, “micro” cells, “pico”cells, and/or cells which provide any of various other granularities ofservice area size.

Each of the cells 54 may be an operating region that a respective basestation 50 is able to communicate over. For example, a respective basestation 50 may communicate with electronic devices 52 disposed in eachcell 54 depicted as touching the respective base station 50. In thisway, while within borders of cell 54A, the electronic device 52 maycommunicate with the base station 50C as opposed to the base station50D, which may communicate with the electronic device 52 while withinthe borders of cell 54B.

When communicating with an electronic device 52, a respective basestation 50 may transmit messages on a frequency range referred to as acomponent carrier. A frequency band, which may include one or more ofthe frequency ranges and be delimited by a lower frequency and a higherfrequency (e.g., representative of a radio spectrum), may include one ormore component carriers. The frequency ranges encompassed by thefrequency band may be defined by a standards body (e.g., standardsgenerated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardsbody or development group), and thus may include a 3^(rd) generation(3G), 4th generation (4G), 5^(th) generation (5G) frequency band. Forexample, the frequency band may include frequencies between 24 Gigahertz(GHz) and 48 GHz. In particular, messages within a same frequency bandon separate component carriers of different frequency ranges may betransmitted (e.g., concurrently) without cross-interference. In someinstances, the electronic device 52 may couple to one or more basestations 50 through two or more component carriers. For example, theelectronic device 52 may use a component carrier 56A to communicate withthe base station 50C, and use a component carrier 56B to communicatewith the base station 50B. The component carriers 56A, 56B may both bewithin a same frequency band, such as a New Radio (NR) or 5^(th)generation (5G) frequency band, but be associated with differentfrequency ranges within the same frequency band.

Hardware, software, or communication standards associated withoperational control of the electronic device 52 may limit concurrent(e.g., simultaneous) uplink and downlink communications betweencomponent carriers 56. In particular, while the electronic device 52 mayreceive many downlink communications separately or concurrently, theelectronic device 52 may not receive any downlink communications or sendany additional uplink communications while transmitting an uplinkcommunication to one of the base stations 50. To reduce a likelihood ofconcurrent communications occurring when uplinking a message to the basestation, the electronic device 52 may request an uplink allocation fromone of the base stations 50 before proceeding to uplink a message to thebase station. For example, the electronic device 52 may receivesimultaneous downlink messages from the base stations 50 and/or mayrequest an uplink allocation from both base stations 50 before uplinkinga message to one of the base stations 50, such as base station 50C. Thisoperation, however, does not consider timing delays seen by theelectronic device 52 when communicating with the base stations 50. Whenthe electronic device 52 requests an uplink allocation from the basestations 50 without consideration for the timing delays between thecommunications, unnecessary delays may occur when downlink operationsresume, causing inefficient operation.

To elaborate, base stations 50 may be physically disposed a distance 58A(e.g., logical distance, physical distance, temporal distance) from eachother. For example, according to 3GPP standard number TR38.803, amaximum inter-site distance (ISD) for FR2 is 300 meters (m), which maycorrespond to a 1 microsecond (μs) propagation delay seen by theelectronic device 52 when receiving communications sent substantiallysimultaneous from different base stations 50. Some FR2 networkdeployments may use a larger ISD, such as up to 1500 m, which maycorrespond to a 5 μs propagation delay. According to 3GPP standardnumber TS38.104, a maximum timing error permitted between gNBs is 3 μs.This corresponds to a maximum receive timing delay difference (MRTD)between distributed carriers (e.g., inter-frequency carriers) at theelectronic device 52 of between 4 μs to 8 μs.

Keeping this in mind, the electronic device 52 may be a distance 58Bfrom each respective base station of the base stations 50. As a distancebetween the electronic device 52 and the base station increases, so doesthe delay of communication between the devices. In this way, a delay ofcommunication between the base station 50B and the electronic device 52is greater than a delay of communication between the base station 50Aand the electronic device 52, due to the greater distance between thebase station 50B and the electronic device 52. To improve the process ofrequesting an uplink allocation, the electronic device 52 may considerthe delay of communication when requesting the uplink allocation, and/orthe base station may consider the delay of communication when proceedingto schedule the uplink allocation in response to the request for theuplink allocation from the electronic device 52. For example, in somecases, one or more of the base stations 50 may adjust communicationscheduling based on a predetermined adjustment and/or a definedadjustment (e.g., a value stored in a memory or storage).

FIG. 8A, FIG. 8B, and FIG. 8C show examples of a base station, forexample the base station 50C, adjusting its communication schedulingbased on a predetermined adjustment, regardless of an amount of delaybetween communications of the base station and another base station,such as base station 50B. For ease of explanation, FIG. 8A, FIG. 8B, andFIG. 8C are discussed together.

FIG. 8A is a timing diagram of a communication schedule for thecomponent carrier 56A (e.g., CC1) corresponding to the base station 50Cand of a communication schedule for the component carrier 56B (e.g.,CC2) corresponding to the base station 50B, according to embodiments ofthe present disclosure. FIG. 8A shows a first example delay (e.g.,maximum receive timing delay (MRTD)) where the electronic device 52receives a downlink message 70 from the base station 50C 0.26microseconds (μs) after receiving a downlink message 72 from the basestation 50B intended to be simultaneously received during a first symbolduration for the base station 50C (e.g., symb 0). It may be said thatthe communications from the base station 50B are generally synchronizedwith the communications from base station 50C since 0.26 μs may beconsidered less than a threshold amount of time (where the threshold maybe used to evaluate whether communication configurations warrantadjustment, such as when unsynchronized). FIG. 8B is a timing diagram ofa communication schedule for the component carrier 56A and for thecomponent carrier 56B having a second example delay, where theelectronic device 52 receives a downlink message 70 from the basestation 50C 4 us after receiving a downlink message 72 from the basestation 50B intended to be simultaneously received during the firstsymbol duration for the base station 50C, according to embodiments ofthe present disclosure. FIG. 8C is a timing diagram of a communicationschedule for the component carrier 56A and for the component carrier 56Bhaving a third example delay where the electronic device 52 receives adownlink message 70 from the base station 50C approximately 8 μs (e.g.,duration of time 71) after receiving a downlink message 72 from the basestation 50B intended to be simultaneously received during the firstsymbol duration for the base station 50C, according to embodiments ofthe present disclosure. The third example delay of FIG. 8C (e.g., 8 μs)may be greater than the second example delay of FIG. 8B, implying thatthe distance between the electronic device 52 and the base station 50Bassociated with FIG. 8C is greater than the distance between the twoassociated with FIG. 8B. It is noted that FIGS. 8A-8C may be discussedtogether for ease of explanation.

Communication operations may be scheduled according to symbol durations.The symbols (e.g., symb 0, symb 1, symb 2, . . . , symb 5) may representallocations of time that are able to be assigned to either downlinkcommunications or uplink communications. When a symbol is assigned todownlink communications, the electronic device 52 may receivesimultaneous downlink messages on one or more component carriers 56.However, when a symbol is assigned to uplink communications, theelectronic device 52 may not receive simultaneous uplink messages and/orsimultaneous downlink messages. Thus, the base station 50B may use aninterrupt command, such as at time 79, to pause downlink communicationswhile the base station 50C operates to uplink a message from theelectronic device 52. In this way, the base station 50B may generate aninterrupt command in response to receiving a notification from theelectronic device 52 that indicates the electronic device 52 isrequesting an uplink allocation from the base station 50C (e.g.,requesting that one or more future symbols be assigned to uplinkcommunications by the base station 50C).

FIGS. 8A-8C show a constant adjustment 74 to the start of an uplinkoperation (e.g., a delay to a start of uplink message 76 after an end ofan ongoing downlink message 78 at a time that an interrupt command isgenerated by the base station 50) initiated by an uplink allocationrequest by permitting any ongoing downlink operations to finish based ona maximum delay that may occur. The maximum delay, and thus a value ofthe constant adjustment 74, equals or is substantially equal to 8 μsafter a completion of operations to send downlink message 78, and thusthe uplink message 76 is scheduled to occur approximately 8 μs (e.g.,between 5 μs and 11 μs) after downlink message 78. It is noted that eachuplink message 76 and/or downlink message 72, 78 may be associated witha prefix 80. The prefix 80 may be a cyclic prefix that repeats deliveryof a portion of the messages 70, 72, 76, 78 (e.g., adds a portion of theend of the message to the front of the message). A cyclic prefix maycombat against intra-symbol interferences or interference frompreviously received signals at the electronic device 52. The prefix 80may additionally or alternatively include information (e.g., headerinformation) that identifies a duration of the communication, a sourceof the communication, or may include other data that the electronicdevice 52 may use when processing the communication.

The base stations 50 may also use a duration 82 of time (e.g., labeledas duration 82A, duration 82B) to prepare transmission and/or receptioncircuitry of the electronic device 52 and/or of the base station 50B foruplink operation. For example, a base station 50 may couple one or morepower amplifiers to one or more antennas of the respective circuitsduring the duration 82 of time. When adjusting operation of the basestations 50 to compensate for communication delays seen by theelectronic device 52, the base stations 50 may use the durations 82, andthus pause downlink operations early enough as to not be missed orinterfered with when adjusting the circuitry.

Since the constant adjustment 74 is substantially similar to the maximumdelay used to delay of communication shown in FIG. 8C (e.g., 8 μs), theinterruption by the base station 50B of downlink operations isrelatively optimal. However, when the constant adjustment is greaterthan the delay of communication (or less than, although not particularlydepicted), the interruption operations are inefficient. For example,interruption by the base station 50B of its downlink operations causesfour symbols to be dropped in FIGS. 8A and 8B (e.g., skips symb 1-4).Efficiency of interruption operations may improve when communicationscheduling considers the particular delays as opposed to using aglobally defined delay value (e.g., a same delay value for eachadjustment as opposed to one calculated for a specific arrangement ofcomponents at the time of adjustment).

To explain variable delay operations, FIG. 9A, FIG. 9B, and FIG. 9C showa variable adjustment 84 (labeled in the figures as adjustment 84A,adjustment 84B, adjustment 84C) to the start of an uplink message 76.FIG. 9A is a timing diagram of a communication schedule for thecomponent carrier 56A (e.g., CC1) corresponding to the base station 50Cand of a communication schedule for the component carrier 56B (e.g.,CC2) corresponding to the base station 50B. FIG. 9A shows a firstexample delay where the electronic device 52 receives a downlink message70 from the base station 50C 0.26 μs after receiving a downlink message72 from the base station 50B intended to be simultaneously receivedduring a first symbol duration for the base station 50C (e.g., symb 0),according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It may be said thatthe communications from the base station 50B are generally synchronizedwith the communications from base station 50C since 0.26 μs may beconsidered less than a threshold amount of time (where the threshold maybe used to evaluate whether communication configurations warrantadjustment, such as when unsynchronized). The threshold amount of timemay be any suitable amount of time, such as between 0.8 μs and 1.1 μs(e.g., 1 μs).

FIG. 9B is a timing diagram of a communication schedule for thecomponent carrier 56A and for the component carrier 56B having a secondexample delay, where the electronic device 52 receives a downlinkmessage 70 from the base station 50C 4 μs after receiving a downlinkmessage 72 from the base station 50B intended to be simultaneouslyreceived during the first symbol duration for the base station 50C,according to embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 9C is a timingdiagram of a communication schedule for the component carrier 56A andfor the component carrier 56B having a third example delay where theelectronic device 52 receives a downlink message 70 from the basestation 50C a maximum delay amount (e.g., 8 μs) after receiving adownlink message 72 from the base station 50B intended to besimultaneously received during the first symbol duration for the basestation 50C, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Thethird example delay of FIG. 9C may be greater than the second exampledelay of FIG. 9B, implying that the distance between the electronicdevice 52 and the base station 50B associated with FIG. 9B is smallerthan the distance between the two associated with FIG. 9C.

Adjustment 84A and adjustment 84C are shown as being substantiallysimilar durations of time while adjustment 84B is shown as a longerduration of time. In this way, the base station 50C may have adjustedits communication scheduling to better align with delays ofcommunications associated with the base station 50B, and thus may haveused a greater adjustment to delay its uplink allocation to permit foran improved aligned with allocations of the base station 50B. Thus,operations of FIGS. 9A-9C visualize relatively more efficient schedulingoperations, since each example drops a reduced number of symbols (e.g.,three symbols each).

The downlink allocations and/or the uplink allocation timing advance maybe adjusted for each electronic device 52 communicating with the basestations 50 based on the communication delay between the respective basestation and the respective electronic device 52. For each possible delayvalue (e.g., between no delay and a maximum delay) and when a frequencyof communication transmission (e.g., numerology associated with the basestation 50) is equal, the period of interruption of downlinkcommunications for the base station 50C (transmitted using a firstcomponent carrier 56A (CC1)) may be substantially similar to the periodof interruption of downlink communications for the base station 50B(transmitted using a second component carrier 56B (CC2)), and thusinclude two symbols (e.g., symb 2 and symb 4) more than a total numberof symbols allocated for the uplink communication (e.g., symb 3). Ascheduler of the wireless network provider communicatively coupled tothe base station 50B and the base station 50C may determine a suitabletiming advance for the uplink communication, and may adjust downlinkallocations and/or uplink allocations to minimize interruptions tocommunications based on a determined delay between the base stations 50.However, for ease of discussion, the base stations 50 are referred to asdetermining and applying the adjustments. It is noted that thecommunications depicted in FIGS. 8A-9C represent a snapshot ofcommunications over time, and thus should be understood as able toextend beyond what is depicted in the figures.

To clarify further on the operation of the electronic device 52 whenadjusting operations based on one or more delays (e.g., communicationdelays), FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a method 96 for operating theelectronic device 52 to transmit and/or receive RF signals using acommunication configuration adjusted based on delays experienced by theelectronic device 52, according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure. It is noted that, although depicted in a particular order,the blocks of the method 96 may be performed in any suitable order, andat least some blocks may be skipped altogether. As described herein, themethod 96 is described as performed by the electronic device 52,however, it should be understood that any suitable processing and/orcontrol circuitry may perform some or all of the operations of themethod 96, such as one or more of the processors 12.

At block 98, the electronic device 52 may receive a first packet (e.g.,a first message) from a first base station of the base stations 50 viafirst component carrier at a first time and receive a second packet(e.g., a second message) from a second base station of the base stations50 on a second component carrier at a second time. The first time andthe second time may correspond to a time at which the prefix 80 isreceived and/or a time at which a first portion of the respectivemessage is received (e.g., downlink message 70, downlink message 72).The first time and the second time may be stored in storage similar tomemory 14. These times may be used to determine a delay at that moment,and/or may be additionally or alternatively accessed in the future todetermine how the delay changes over time (e.g., a historical analysisof the delay).

At block 100, the electronic device 52 may determine a receive delaybetween the first time and the second time. To do so, the electronicdevice 52 may determine a duration of time as the receive delay betweenthe first time and the second time. To determine the receive delay, theelectronic device 52 may compute the difference between the two times.However, in some cases, the electronic device 52 may determine thedifference in time by using counters to track the receive delay betweenreceiving the downlink message 70 and receiving the downlink message 72.The counter may count a duration of time, such as a number of clockcycles, between the electronic device 52 receiving the downlink message70 and the downlink message 72.

At block 102, the electronic device 52 may determine whether the receivedelay determined at block 100 is greater than or equal to a thresholdamount of time. The electronic device 52 may determine whether thereceive delay, if any, is of sufficient time delay to be corrected. Insome cases, a threshold amount of time may be used to evaluate whethercommunication configurations warrant adjustment, such as whenunsynchronized. The threshold amount of time may vary based onenvironmental conditions and/or network load conditions, based on whatexternal factors may adjust what amount of non-synchronization ispermitted and/or otherwise suitable. In some cases, the threshold amountof time may be substantially similar (e.g., approximately) to 1 μs(e.g., amount between 0.5 μs and 1.5 μs), where any receive delay belowthat threshold is generally ignored and operations proceed to block 98.However, when the receive delay is greater than or equal to thethreshold, the electronic device 52 may proceed to perform operations ofblock 104.

At block 104, the electronic device 52 may transmit an indication of thereceive delay to the first base station, the second base station, orboth. For example, referring to the example of FIG. 9B, the electronicdevice 52 may determine that the receive delay (e.g., maximum receivetiming delay (MRTD)) is equal (or substantially similar) to 4 μs. Theelectronic device 52 may then, in response to determining that thereceive delay is greater than the threshold, transmit an indication ofthe receive delay to the base station 50B and/or the base station 50C.The base station 50B and/or the base station 50C may use the indicationof the receive delay to generate an updated communication configurationfor the electronic device 52 to apply.

At block 106, the electronic device 52 may receive an updatedcommunication configuration from the first base station to adjust aninterruption parameter associated with the first base station. Forexample, the interruption parameter may operate to delay associateddownlink communications scheduled for transmission on a componentcarrier used by the first base station. When referring to the example ofFIG. 9B, the electronic device 52 may receive an updated communicationconfiguration from the base station 50C that defines adjustments tocommunications scheduled for transmission/reception on the componentcarrier 56A. The updated communication configuration may indicate to theelectronic device 52 that the uplink allocation requested by theelectronic device is to be delayed a period of time after the downlinkmessage 78.

At block 108, the electronic device 52 may apply the updatedcommunication configuration to its software and/or hardware (e.g.,replace a previous communication configuration stored in software and/oraffecting operation of transceiver circuitry) to prepare for theadjusted communication allocations. In this way, the electronic device52 may instruct its control and/or scheduling circuitry to delay uplinkof the uplink message until time that compensates for delays associatedwith communications between the electronic device 52 and the basestation 50B. Furthermore, applying the updated communicationconfiguration to the circuitry of the electronic device 52 may prepareantenna circuitry of the electronic device 52 to perform uplinkoperations and/or downlink operations.

At block 110, the electronic device 52 may receive packets on the firstcomponent carrier 56A according to the updated communicationconfiguration and may receive packets on the second component carrier56B according to an original communication. In this way, even whencommunications on the second component carrier 56B are delayed (e.g.,due to the base station 50B being disposed further from the electronicdevice 52 than the base station 50C), communications from the basestation 50C on the first component carrier 56A may be suitably delayedbased on the receive delay (e.g., delayed by an amount equal orsubstantially similar to the receive delay) to improve alignment ofcommunications on the two component carriers 56B. When operating tocompensate for variable delays between the component carriers 56, theelectronic device 52 may reduce an amount of delay in downlinkcommunications when scheduling an uplink communication (e.g., fourdropped symbols when operating to compensate for the delay using fixedadjustments as opposed to three dropped symbols when operating tocompensate for the delay using variable adjustments). It is noted thatalthough described as adjusting the communication configuration of thefirst component carrier 56C based on the receive delay instead of thecommunication configuration of the second component carrier 56B, thesame or similar methods may be applied to adjusting either componentcarriers 56 or both component carriers 56 as opposed to just onecomponent carrier 56 (e.g., component carrier 56B).

FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a method 122 for operating a base station,such as the base station 50C of FIG. 9B, to transmit or receive RFsignals using a communication configuration adjusted based on delaysseen by the electronic device 52, according to embodiments of thepresent disclosure. It is noted that, although depicted in a particularorder, the blocks of the method 122 may be performed in any suitableorder, and at least some blocks may be skipped altogether. As describedherein, the method 122 is described as being performed by the basestation 50C, however, it should be understood that any suitableprocessing and/or control circuitry may perform some or all of theoperations of the method 122, such as one or more of the processors 12.It is noted that, as described above, the base station 50C transmits toand/or receives messages from the electronic device 52 using frequencieswithin a frequency range of, for example, the component carrier 56A.

At block 124, the base station 50C may transmit a first packet to theelectronic device 52 according to a first communication configuration(e.g., an original communication configuration). The first communicationconfiguration may define a frequency range to use when transmitting thefirst packet, a frequency to send packets out on the frequency range,one or more allocation patterns (e.g., when downlink communications arescheduled to occur, when uplink communications are scheduled to occur),or the like.

At block 126, the base station 50C may receive an indication of areceive delay from the electronic device 52. The receive delay may bedetermined by the electronic device 52, such as by using the method 96.The receive delay may communicate (e.g., indicate) to the base station50C a delay between the first packet and an additional packet fromanother base station, such as the base station 50B.

Using the receive delay, at block 128, the base station 50C may updatethe first communication configuration to generate a second communicationconfiguration. The base station 50C may determine that its transmissionslead transmissions from another base station 50B by a particular amountcorresponding to the receive delay. In some cases, the base station 50Cmay analyze the receive delay received from the electronic device 52along with information received from the base station 50B to determinethat the transmissions of the base station 50C lead transmissions fromthe base station 50B. When generating the second communicationconfiguration, the base station 50C may adjust the first communicationconfiguration to compensate for the receive delay. In this way, the basestation 50C may adjust an interruption parameter, such that afterreceiving a request from the electronic device 52 for an uplinkallocation, subsequent allocation operations are delayed by an amountsubstantially similar or equal to the receive delay (e.g., greater thanor less than the receive delay by 0 to 0.5 μs, equal to the receivedelay).

At block 130, the base station 50C may apply the second communicationconfiguration (e.g., updated communication configuration) to itssoftware and/or hardware (e.g., replace a previous communicationconfiguration stored in software and/or affecting operation oftransceiver circuitry). The application of the second communicationconfiguration to the base station 50C may enable re-alignment ofdownlink operations and/or uplink operations regardless of communicationdelays at the electronic device 52 due to proximity differences betweenthe base stations 50 and the electronic device 52.

At block 132, the base station 50C may transmit the second communicationconfiguration (e.g., updated communication configuration) to theelectronic device 52. The electronic device 52 may apply the secondcommunication configuration in response to receiving it from the basestation 50C. Applying the second communication configuration to both thebase station 50C and the electronic device 52 may permit synchronizedcommunications to occur between the two devices on the component carrier56A.

At block 134, the base station 50C may transmit a second packet to theelectronic device 52 according to the second communication configuration(e.g., updated communication configuration). The base station 50C maydelay some of its uplink allocations to accommodate delays in thecomponent carrier 56B transmitting packets from the base station 50B tothe electronic device 52.

In some cases, the electronic device 52 may determine and report amaximum delay determined from multiple determined receive delays. FIG.12 is a flow chart of a method 146 for operating the electronic device52 to determine a maximum receive delay from one or more determinedreceive delays associated with one or more component carriers 56,according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that,although depicted in a particular order, the blocks of the method 146may be performed in any suitable order, and at least some blocks may beskipped altogether. As described herein, the method 146 is described asperformed by the electronic device 52, however, it should be understoodthat any suitable processing and/or control circuitry may perform someor all of the operations of the method 146, such as one or more of theprocessors 12.

At block 148, the electronic device 52 may receive packets from one ormore base stations 50 according to respective communicationconfigurations defining scheduling for respective component carriers 56.For example, each communication configuration may define interruptionparameters that schedule uplink operations between one or more downlinkoperations. In this way, transmission parameters and/or frequency ofcommunications on a first component carrier may differ from that of asecond component carrier. Furthermore, how long an uplink message isdelayed from transmission after a downlink message may also differbetween component carriers 56 based at least in part on thecommunication configuration associated with each of the base stations 50and/or each of the component carriers 56.

At block 150, the electronic device 52 may determine one or more receivedelays indicative of relative delays between communications received onthe various component carriers 56. The electronic device 52 maydetermine the receive delays using methods similar to the method 96 ofFIG. 10. After determining one or more receive delays, the electronicdevice 52 may, at block 152, determine a relatively greater receivedelays from the receive delays determined at block 152. In this way, theelectronic device 52 may identify the longest delay experienced acrosseach of the component carriers 56.

Once the longest receive delay is identified, the electronic device 52may, at block 154, determine whether the receive delay is greater thanor equal to a threshold amount of time. If the duration is not greaterthan or equal to the threshold amount of time, then the electronicdevice 52 may proceed to continue communication operations at block 148.

However, when the electronic device 52 determines that the receive delayis greater than or equal to the threshold amount of time, then theelectronic device 52 may, at block 156, transmit an indication of thegreatest receive delay to one or more base stations 50 for operationalcompensations and/or to generate an additional communicationconfiguration. In some cases, this information may be transmitted asuser equipment (UE) assistance information and/or as part of a devicereport to the base stations 50.

Keeping the foregoing in mind, the process 146 of FIG. 12 shows how theelectronic device 52 may estimate the timing difference between each ofthe component carriers 56 and may report a maximum difference betweeneach timing differences (e.g., manifested as receive delays seen by theelectronic device 52) to one or more base stations of the base stations50 as assistance information.

Indeed, in some cases, the electronic device 52 may operate its receiverto receive a first packet at a first time on a first component carrierfrom a first base station 50, a second packet at a second time on asecond component carrier from a second base station 50, a third packetat a third time on a third component carrier from a third base station50, and so on. The electronic device 52 may use some or all operationsof method 146 of FIG. 12 to determining that a difference between thefirst time and the second time corresponds to a maximum receive timedelay (MRTD). To do so, the electronic device 52 may select the secondtime as a reference time and, using the second time as the referencetime, may determine a first difference between the first time and thesecond time and a second difference between the third time and thesecond time. The electronic device 52 may identify which of the firstdifference or the second difference corresponds to the MRTD by comparingthe two differences to determine which of the differences is greater.For example, in response to determining that the difference between thefirst difference is greater than the second difference, the electronicdevice 52 may identify the first difference as the MRTD (e.g., asrepresentative of a worst-seen delay by the electronic device 52).Furthermore, in some cases, the electronic device 52 verifies whetherthe difference identified as the MRTD passes a test for synchronization.For example, the electronic device 52 determines whether the firstdifference (e.g., difference identified as the MRTD) is greater than orequal to a threshold amount of time (e.g., a threshold value used toidentify whether two component carriers are out-of-sync ornon-synchronous to a suitable amount to justify adjustment). In responseto determining that the first difference is greater than the thresholdvalue of time, the electronic device 52 may transmit the firstdifference as an indication of maximum receive delay to one or more basestations 50 (e.g., each of the first base station 50, the second basestation 50, and the third base station 50). The base stations 50 maythen adjust communication configurations based on the indication ofmaximum receive delay from the electronic device 52, including forexample, delaying one or more uplink allocations or downlink allocationsto better accommodate and/or compensate for delays experienced by theelectronic device 52.

The wireless network provider may configure the electronic device 52 toprovide the assistance information as part of a measurement object. Theconfiguration of the electronic device 52 may be associated with anidentifier of the component carriers 56 and/or an identifier of thecells 54 associated with each base station 50, such as a physical cellidentifier (ID). The electronic device 52 may generate and/or repeatdetermination of the maximum receive time delay (MRTD) difference(referred to interchangeably as “maximum difference”) in response to acommand from one of the base stations 50 and/or in a periodic manner,such as every day, every hour, or any other suitable time condition. Insome cases, the electronic device 52 may monitor delays between thevarious component carriers 56 and, when one or more delays drift too farfrom a value (e.g., when a respective receive delay is determined to begreater than a threshold amount of delay), may generate and/orre-determine the maximum difference. It is noted that the electronicdevice 52 may additionally or alternatively generate and/or re-determineeach receive delay for transmission to the base stations 50 in responseto an aperiodic condition (e.g., in response to a command from the basestation) and/or periodic condition (e.g., each hour, each day, othersuitable time condition). For example, the determination of the receivedelay and/or the determination of the MRTD may be initiated (e.g.,repeated) in response to a radio resource control (RRC) protocol messageinstructing the determination, in response to a medium access control(MAC) protocol message instructing the determination, in response to amessage transmitted via a physical layer signaling instructing thedetermination, in response to a control signal, according to timingparameters or on a timing schedule (e.g., periodic request), or thelike. Indeed, the RRC protocol message, the MAC protocol message, thephysical layer signaling, and/or the control signal may respectively betransmitted aperiodically or periodically (e.g., transmitted on atiming-based schedule). It is also noted that the wireless networkprovider may trigger redetermination of one or more receive delays bycommanding the base stations 50 to instruct the electronic device 52 torepeat the determinations.

In some cases, the electronic device 52 may periodically send a physicalrandom-access channel (PRACH) communication on each of the componentcarriers 56. The PRACH communication may enable each of the basestations 50 to determine timing differences seen by the electronicdevice 52. In some cases, each of the base stations 50 may receivemessages transmitted on each of the component carriers 56, and thus mayidentify delays in communications when messages are received with delaybetween each reception (e.g., a delay beyond a threshold amount oftime). For example, a base station receiving a first message on a firstcomponent carrier at a much later time that a second message on a secondcomponent carrier may identify that the first component carrierexperiences a delay relative to the second component carrier.

In some cases, however, the electronic device 52 may send two or morePRACH communications on a component carrier to a base station, where afirst PRACH communication may have a timing corresponding to thecomponent carrier while a second PRACH communication may have a timingcorresponding to another component carrier. The receive delay betweenthe first PRACH communication and the second PRACH communication maythen be determined by the base station (e.g., the base station 50B, thebase station 50C). It is noted that the electronic device 52 mayadditionally or alternatively use the PRACH communication to request anuplink allocation from the base stations 50. In this way, at a firsttime the electronic device 52 may use the PRACH communication to requestan uplink allocation, and at a second time the electronic device 52 maytransmit an additional PRACH communication to facilitate in the basestations 50 determining a receive delay.

To elaborate, FIG. 13 is a flow chart of a method 168 for operating theelectronic device 52 to transmit or receive RF signals using acommunication configuration adjusted based on delays seen by a basestation, such as the base station 50C, when receiving one or more PRACHcommunications, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Itis noted that, although depicted in a particular order, the blocks ofthe method 168 may be performed in any suitable order, and at least someblocks may be skipped altogether. As described herein, the method 168 isdescribed as performed by the base station 50C, however, it should beunderstood that any suitable processing and/or control circuitry mayperform some or all of the operations of the method 168, such as one ormore of the processors 12. It is noted that, as described above, thebase station 50C transmits to and/or receives messages from theelectronic device 52 using frequencies within a frequency range of thecomponent carrier 56A.

At block 170, the electronic device 52 may transmit a first uplinkrequest and a second uplink request to the base station 50C (e.g., firstbase station). The first uplink request and the second uplink requestmay be PRACH communications and/or may be some other suitable packettransmission related to and/or unrelated to uplink allocation requestingoperations. The first uplink request may indicate beam characteristicsand/or timing for the base station 50C, while the second uplink requestmay indicate beam characteristics and/or timing for an additional basestation, such as base station 50B. The base station 50C, in response toreceiving the first uplink request and the second uplink request, maydetermine a receive timing of the first component carrier 56A relativeto the second component carrier 56B using the received beamcharacteristics and/or timing for the base stations 50B, 50C, and mayuse the receive timing to update communication configurations for theelectronic device 52.

At block 172, the electronic device 52 may receive an updatedcommunication configuration from the base station 50C. The updatedcommunication configuration may adjust an interruption parameterassociated with the component carrier 56A to adjust for any relativedelays between communications on the component carrier 56A and thecomponent carriers 56B. For example, the updated communicationconfiguration may define communication schedules and/or parameters, suchas the interruption parameter, that incorporate adjustments made by thebase station 50C to accommodate and/or compensate for a determineddifference seen by the electronic device 52 (e.g., the difference ordelay between communications received on the component carrier 56A andon the component carrier 56B).

At block 174, the electronic device 52 may apply the updatedcommunication configuration to its software and/or hardware (e.g.,replace a previous communication configuration stored in software and/oraffecting operation of transceiver circuitry). After application of theupdated communication configuration, the electronic device 52 may, atblock 176, communicate with the base station 50C according to theupdated communication configuration and may communicate with the basestation 50B according to the original communication configuration. Theoriginal communication configuration may remain applicable to the secondcomponent carrier 56B since the adjustments to the communicationconfiguration used to communicate via the first component carrier 56Awere made relative to the detected timing and/or detected communicationpattern of the second component carrier 56B.

To elaborate further on the operation of the base station 50C duringperformance of the method 168, FIG. 14 is a flow chart of a method 188for operating a base station, such as the base station 50C, to transmitor receive RF signals using a communication configuration adjusted basedon delays seen by the base station, according to embodiments of thepresent disclosure. It is noted that, although depicted in a particularorder, the blocks of the method 188 may be performed in any suitableorder, and at least some blocks may be skipped altogether. As describedherein, the method 188 is described as performed by the base station50C, however, it should be understood that any suitable processingand/or control circuitry may perform some or all of the operations ofthe method 188, such as one or more of the processors 12. It is notedthat, as described above, the base station 50C transmits to and/orreceives messages from the electronic device 52 using frequencies withina frequency range of the component carrier 56A.

At block 190, the base station 50C may receive a first uplink requestand a second uplink request from the electronic device 52. Theelectronic device 52 may transmit the first uplink request and thesecond uplink request to the base station 50C. The first uplink requestand the second uplink request may be a PRACH communication and/or may besome other suitable packet transmission related and/or unrelated touplink allocation requesting operations. The first uplink request mayindicate beam characteristics and/or timing for the base station 50C,while the second uplink request may indicate beam characteristics and/ortiming for an additional base station, such as base station 50B.

At block 192, the base station 50C may determine a receive timing of thefirst communication carrier 56A in response to receiving the firstuplink request and the second uplink request. The receive timing may bedetermined by the base station 50C relative to the second communicationcarrier 56B based on the beam characteristics and/or timing for the basestations 50B, 50C. The base station 50C may use the receive timing toupdate communication configurations for the electronic device 52.

The base station 50C may, at block 194, generate an updatedcommunication configuration (e.g., update communication configuration)to be applied to communications with the electronic device 52. Theupdated communication configuration may adjust an interruption parameterassociated with the component carrier 56A to adjust for any relativedelays between communications on the component carrier 56A and thecomponent carriers 56B.

At block 196, the base station 50C may apply the updated communicationconfiguration to its software and/or hardware (e.g., replace a previouscommunication configuration stored in software and/or affectingoperation of transceiver circuitry) used for communicating with theelectronic device 52 over the component carrier 56A. At block 198, thebase station 50C may transmit the updated communication configuration tothe electronic device 52, so that the electronic device 52 may alsoapply the updated communication configuration. The updated communicationconfiguration may be transmitted to the electronic device 52 usingtransmission parameters associated with an original communicationconfiguration and/or the communication configuration adjusted togenerate the updated communication configuration. Furthermore, the basestation 50C may apply the updated communication configuration at leastpartially at the same time as transmitting the updated communicationconfiguration to the electronic device 52.

After application of the updated communication configuration, the basestation 50C may, at block 200, communicate with the electronic device 52according to the updated communication configuration. It is noted thatthe electronic device 52 may communicate with the base station 50Baccording to a different communication configuration, such as acommunication configuration unchanged from an original communication.

In some cases, these systems and methods described above may be appliedto systems that use different frequencies of message transmissionsbetween component carriers 56. To elaborate, FIG. 15 is a timing diagramillustrating two example communication configurations for two componentcarriers 56, such as component carrier 56A and component carrier 56B,according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The base stations 50corresponding to the component carriers 56 may use differenttransmission numerologies when sending packets to the electronic device52, and in this way may transmit packets at a different frequency usingdifferent frequency ranges within a same frequency band. Transmissionnumerologies may be defined in Table 1.

For each mu-value (e.g., μ=0, 1, 2, 3, 4), a subcarrier frequency may bedefined. For example, when the numerology equals 0 (e.g., μ=0), packetsare sent by the base stations 50C at a rate substantially equal to 15kilohertz (kHz) on the frequency range corresponding to the componentcarrier 56A.

TABLE 1 Numerology (μ) Δf = 2^(μ) * 15[kHz] 0 20 1 30 2 60 3 120 4 240

It is noted that each numerology may or may not correspond to a samecyclic prefix length (e.g., a same length of the prefix 80).Furthermore, any of the other examples described may be used incombination with the mixed numerology deployments described inassociation with FIG. 15. When the numerology changes of communicationson the component carriers 56, time periods when the uplinkcommunications of one component carrier overlaps with downlinkcommunications of another component carrier may change.

Take, for example, the case where component carrier 56A has a numerologyof 2 (e.g., μ=2) and component carrier 56B has a numerology of 3 (e.g.,μ=3). This may correspond to the communication schedule depicted in FIG.15. As may be appreciated, symbols 210 corresponding to the componentcarrier 56B (e.g., symbol 210A, symbol 210B, symbol 210C) occur at ahigher frequency of repetition (e.g., 120 kHz for μ=3) than the symbols210 corresponding to the component carrier 56A (e.g., symbol 210D,symbol 210E, symbol 210F), which has a relatively slower frequency ofrepetition (e.g., 60 kHz for μ=2). To reduce a likelihood (e.g., reduce,reduce to zero chance) of an undesired number of symbols 210 beingdropped for either of the component carriers 56, the base stations 50and/or the electronic device 52 may adjust communication configurationsfor use when transmitting on one or more of the component carriers 56based on the numerology associated with the component carriers 56.

In particular, the communication configurations may be adjusted tochange the adjustment (e.g., variable adjustment 84, constant adjustment74) used to delay an uplink allocation 212 for transmission of uplinkmessages 76. The adjustments to a number of symbols 210 used to pausedownlink operations on component carrier 56A and component carrier 56Bmay follow relationships presented in the tables below, Table 2, Table3, and/or Table 4. Each of Tables 1-4 presume receive delay rangesbetween 0 and 8 μs.

TABLE 2 Number of Symbol Number of Symbol Numerology (μ) Interruptionsbefore CC1 Interruptions after CC1 of CC1 Uplink Allocated Symbol UplinkAllocated Symbol 2 1 0 3 2 0 4 4 0

TABLE 3 Number of Symbol Interruptions of CC2 before CC1 UplinkAllocated Symbol Numerology (μ) of CC1 Numerology (μ) of CC2 2 3 4 2 2 22 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 5

TABLE 4 Number of Symbol Interruptions of CC2 after CC1 Uplink AllocatedSymbol Numerology (μ) of CC1 Numerology (μ) of CC2 2 3 4 2 1 0 0 3 2 1 14 5 3 2

For example, in the case in FIG. 15, the component carrier 56B has itsdownlink communications interrupted (e.g., paused, delayed) by the basestation 50B 3 symbols 210 (e.g., symbol 210B, symbol 210C, symbol 210G)before the symbol 210F of the component carrier 56A (e.g., the symbolallocated for uplink messages 76). However, if the component carrier 56Bwas of numerology 4 (e.g., μ=4), the downlink communications may beinterrupted 5 symbols before the symbol 210F. The component carrier 56Bis also shown as continuing to have its downlink communicationsinterrupted for two symbols 210 (e.g., symbol 210H, symbol 210I) afterthe symbol 210F. Once the interruption period ends, such as at time 214,substantially simultaneous downlink operations continue on the componentcarrier 56A and/or the component carrier 56B, such as with downlinkcommunication 216 and/or downlink communication 218. It is noted thatthe transition time used to prepare circuitry of the base station 50Cand/or the electronic device 52 for the uplink message 76 may beincluded in the symbols 210 as the duration 82.

In Table 2, updates to the communication configuration used to transmitsignals on component carrier 56A takes care of any delay in resumingdownlink operations for the base station 50C after the end of the symbol210F, and thus these parameters are set to 0. In some cases, however, itmay be desired for this delay to be nonzero, and thus it is noted thatany number of symbols 210 after the symbol 210F may be unallocated andused to further delay downlink communications, if desired. Furthermore,the numerology 0 through 4 may correspond to New Radio (NR) and/or5^(th) generation (5G) component carriers 56 (e.g., component carriers56 defined to operate in frequency ranges associated with NRwavelengths) while the numerology 0 may correspond to Long TermEvolution (LTE) component carriers and/or 4^(th) generation (4G)component carriers 56 (e.g., component carriers 56 defined to operate infrequency ranges associated with LTE wavelengths). The Table 2, Table 3,and/or Table 4 represent one example of numerology and symbolinterruption definitions that may be used when implementing a wirelessnetwork, but it should be understood that any suitable combination ofsymbol delays and/or communication configurations may be used.

To elaborate further on the operation of the base stations 50 whenconsidering numerologies, FIG. 16 is a flow chart of a method 230 foroperating a base station, such as the base station 50C, to transmitand/or receive RF signals using a communication configuration adjustedbased on delays seen by the base station and based on numerologiesassociated with the base stations 50 communicating with the electronicdevice 52, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It isnoted that, although depicted in a particular order, the blocks of themethod 230 may be performed in any suitable order, and at least someblocks may be skipped altogether. As described herein, the method 230 isdescribed as performed by the base station 50C, however, it should beunderstood that any suitable processing and/or control circuitry mayperform some or all of the operations of the method 230, such as one ormore of the processors 12. It is noted that, as described above, thebase station 50C transmits to and/or receives messages from theelectronic device 52 using frequencies within a frequency range of thecomponent carrier 56A.

At block 232, the base station 50C may transmit a first packet to theelectronic device 52 according to a first communication configuration onthe component carrier 56A. At block 234, the base station 50C mayreceive an indication of a receive delay from the electronic device 52that describes a communication delay experienced by the electronicdevice 52 between communications from at least the base station 50C andthe base station 50B. In this way, it is noted that the electronicdevice 52 may transmit a maximum receive delay to the base station 50Crepresentative of a worst-case delay seen by the electronic device 52 ata particular time and/or may transmit each determined receive delay tothe base station 50C. Furthermore, it is noted that the base station50C, in some cases, may receive one or more signals, such as a PRACHcommunication, from the electronic device 52 and may use the one or moresignals to determine the receive delay between the signals itself. Theseembodiments described may align with some or all of the operationsdescribed above with regard to other figures.

At block 236, the base station 50C may receive a first numerologyparameter for the base station 50B and a second numerology parameter forthe base station 50C (e.g., determine its own numerology parameter byretrieving from memory). As described above, each respective numerologyparameter may determine a respective frequency of packet transmissionoccurrence for sending packets on signals within a frequency rangecorresponding to a component carrier of the respective base station 50.In this way, each of the base stations 50 may operate according to twofrequencies—a first frequency associated with a frequency range fortransmitting signals, and a second frequency associated with how fast anadditional message is scheduled for transmission and/or a number ofoccurrences of symbols 210 within a set duration of time.

At block 238, the base station 50C may generate a second communicationconfiguration (e.g., may update the first communication configuration)based on the receive delay, the first numerology parameter, and thesecond numerology parameter. When generating the second communicationconfiguration, the base station 50C may reference look-up tables storedin memory, similar to memory 14 and/or nonvolatile storage 16,indicative of information shown in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, and/orTable 4. In some cases, the base station 50C may include processors,similar to the processor 12, that execute code stored in memory, similarto memory 14 and/or nonvolatile storage 16, to run through logicalconditions to determine a suitable schedule for the symbols 210 for thecomponent carrier 56A and/or the component carrier 56B. It is noted thatthe base station 50C may determine the second communicationconfiguration such that the second communication configuration definesoperation for communicating on the component carrier 56A and/or thecomponent carrier 56B. However, in some cases, the base station 50B maydetermine its own communication configuration based at least in part onthe numerology parameters for the base stations 50 and/or the receivedelay.

Once the second communication configuration is generated, the basestation 50C may, at block 242, transmit the second communicationconfiguration to the electronic device 52. The electronic device 52and/or the base station 50C may apply the second communicationconfiguration to prepare to communication without interfering downlinkoperations associated with the base station 50B. After applying thesecond communication configuration to the electronic device 52 and/orthe base station 50C, at block 244, the base station 50C may transmit asecond packet to the electronic device 52 according to the secondcommunication configuration.

In some cases, the electronic device 52 may include multiple antennapanels. Each antenna panel of the electronic device 52 may include anantenna element, an array of antenna elements, or multiple antennaarrays. Having two or more antenna panels may mean that the electronicdevices 52 is able to perform uplink operations on a first componentcarrier simultaneous to downlink operations on a second componentcarrier, or vice versa, without an interruption to operations occurring(e.g., at least partially simultaneous uplink operations and downlinkoperations). Accordingly, the previous embodiments may be performed onan electronic device 52 having one or more antenna panels (including anelectronic device 52 having only one antenna panel), while the followingembodiments may be performed on an electronic device 52 having more thanone antenna panel. When the electronic device 52 does not includemultiple antenna panels, or when the electronic device 52 receives twoor more component carriers 56 using a same antenna panel, the electronicdevice 52 may be said to support non-simultaneous uplink operations anddownlink operations, and may operate with consideration for delayingdownlink communications in response to an incoming uplink communication.

FIG. 17 provides an example of this operation. FIG. 17 is anillustration of a first electronic device 52A and a second electronicdevice 52B, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Theelectronic devices 52A, 52B both include at least two antenna panels.The electronic device 52A shows an example operation where theelectronic device 52A receives communications on two of the componentcarriers 56 (e.g., component carrier 56C, component carrier 56D) on asame panel while the electronic device 52B shows an example operationwhere the electronic device 52B receives communications on a firstcomponent carrier (e.g., component carrier 56A) that may be simultaneousto communications on a second component carrier (e.g., component carrier56B). The electronic device 52B is able to receive at least partiallysimultaneous uplink communications and downlink communications since theelectronic device 52B receives the signals on the component carrier 56Aon an antenna panel different from the antenna panel used to receivesignals on the component carrier 56B.

It is noted that, as the electronic device 52A and/or the electronicdevice 52B physically move, and thus receive signals at different anglesand/or at different amplitudes, distribution of which antenna panelsreceive signals from which of the component carriers 56 may change. Forexample, an electronic device 52 may operate according to the examplecase corresponding to the electronic device 52A, but may move locationand, at a second time, operate according to the example casecorresponding to the electronic device 52B.

To account for changes in operational mode of the electronic device 52,such as from a simultaneous operational mode to a non-simultaneousoperational mode, or vice versa, the electronic device 52 may indicateto one or more base stations 50 whether it is able to receiveoverlapping uplink communications and downlink communications fromdifferent component carriers. For example, the electronic device 52A mayprovide an indication to the base station 50A communicating that theelectronic device 52A is unable to receive overlapping uplinkcommunications and downlink communications from the component carrier56C and from the second component carrier 56D. However, the electronicdevice 52B may provide an indication to the base station 50B and/or thebase station 50C communicating that the electronic device 52B is able toreceive at least partially overlapping uplink communications anddownlink communications from the component carrier 56A and the componentcarrier 56B, since packets on these subsets of component carriers 56 maybe received on respective antenna panels.

In some cases, the electronic device 52 may permit simultaneouscommunications on a frequency band without permitting simultaneouscommunications between one or more component carriers of the frequencyband. Although not particularly described, other combinations ofconsiderations between frequency bands and/or component carriers mayalso be permitted. It is noted that these methods may be combined withany of the other described methods herein. For example, descriptionsassociated with at least FIG. 17 may be combined with operations of FIG.12 as an enhancement to further improve operations of FIG. 12, such asto permit simultaneous transmit and receive operations while alsoconsidering receive delays (e.g., MRTD) between communications fromdifferent base stations 50 or on different component carriers 56.Indeed, user equipment (UE) assistance information discussed herein thatincludes receive timing difference information (e.g., indications ofMRTD seen by the electronic device 52) may also be combined with acapability of an electronic device 52 for simultaneous transmit andreceive operations, such as when the electronic device 52 includes asuitable number of antenna circuitry to simultaneously transmit andreceive communications. The combined operations may be discussed withrespect to at least FIGS. 18 and 19.

The electronic device 52 may, thus, indicate which component carriers 56may be activated for simultaneous transmission and reception operations(e.g., simultaneous uplink and downlink operations) and/or may indicatewhich frequency bands that include one or more component carriers 56 maybe activated for simultaneous transmission and reception operations, andmay indicate when the electronic device 52 may no longer supportsimultaneous transmission and reception operations. Furthermore, theelectronic device 52 may provide an indication to the base stations 50which combination of component carriers 56 and/or frequency bands may beused to support simultaneous transmission and reception operations. Theindication provided to the base stations 50 from the electronic device52 may be a flag, a message, a control signal, or the like.

To elaborate further on the operation of the electronic device 52 inthese cases, FIG. 18 is a flow chart of a method 256 for operating theelectronic device 52 to determine which operational mode is suitable touse when communicating with one or more base stations 50 based at leastin part on antenna panels of the electronic device 52, according toembodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that, althoughdepicted in a particular order, the blocks of the method 256 may beperformed in any suitable order, and at least some blocks may be skippedaltogether. As described herein, the method 256 is described asperformed by the electronic device 52, however, it should be understoodthat any suitable processing and/or control circuitry may perform someor all of the operations of the method 256, such as one or more of theprocessors 12.

At block 258, the electronic device 52 may determine a signal strengthand/or amplitude of signals received on one or more component carriers56 and/or a frequency band used by one or more base stations 50 tocommunicate with the electronic device 52. The determination by theelectronic device 52 to support simultaneous transmission and receptionoperations on certain frequency ranges at certain antenna panels may bemade on signal quality, thresholding (e.g., whether a signal strength isgreater than a threshold amount), signal power, signal strength, othermonitoring parameters, or the like. In this way, the electronic devicemay monitor the component carriers 56 to determine which panel to use tocommunicate on one or more of the component carriers 56 (and todetermine with which base stations 50 to communicate). Geometry of anantenna panel may limit and/or adjust the range or geographicalboundaries for each antenna panel. For example, the geometry of theantenna panel may include a number and/or type of antenna, a numberand/or type of antenna amplifier, or the like.

The electronic device 52 may determine, at block 260, that a detectedsignal is greater than or equal to a threshold signal strength, therebywarranting classification of a frequency range of the signal to anantenna of the electronic device 52. A value of the threshold signalstrength may be based on a sensitivity of the antenna circuitry of theantenna panel and/or may be valued such that signals having an amplitudeor detected signal strength of that of detectable noise are ignored. Forexample, signals characterized by a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0decibels (dB) or greater may include sufficiently low levels of noise tobe detected (e.g., threshold signal strength equaling approximately 0dB). In some cases, signals characterized by a SNR of between −20 dB and0 dB may be considered as greater than or equal to the threshold signalstrength (e.g., where threshold signal strength equals approximately −20dB). Once classified and/or identified as having a suitable strength,the electronic device 52 may use the component carrier carrying thesignal to further communicate with its corresponding base station.

When the signal is not greater than or equal to the threshold signalstrength, the electronic device 52 may, at block 258, repeat adetermination of signal strength to attempt to identify a componentcarrier to use for communication. However, when the signal is greaterthan or equal to the threshold signal strength, the electronic device 52may, at block 262, assign one or more antenna panels to the componentcarrier (e.g., the frequency range) corresponding to the detected signalof suitable strength. The electronic device 52 may assign componentcarriers 56 to one or more antenna panels by using any suitable method,such as by tuning the antenna panel and/or supporting communicationcircuitry to the frequency range of one or more of the componentcarriers 56. The electronic device 52 may maintain a log that indicateswhich antenna panel is tuned to which component carrier. The log may bestored in memory, such as memory 14 and/or nonvolatile storage 16, andaccessed at a later time, such as to determine which antenna panel isassigned to multiple component carriers 56.

Once one or more antenna panels are assigned, the electronic device 52may, at block 264, determine whether any of the assigned antenna panelsare shared between one or more component carriers 56 and/or frequencybands of the base stations 50. In this way, the electronic device 52 maydetermine whether an antenna panel is assigned to a first componentcarrier and to a second component carrier.

When the electronic device 52 determines that one or more antenna panelsare not shared, the electronic device 52 may, at block 266, generate andtransmit an indication to one or more base stations 50 that communicatesthat simultaneous communication is supported. The base stations 50 thatreceive the indication may each communicate on frequency ranges that arenot received at a same antenna panel.

However, when, at block 264, the electronic device 52 determines thatone or more antenna panels are shared, the electronic device 52 may, atblock 268, transmit an indication to one or more base stations 50communicating that the electronic device 52 is not able to receivesimultaneous communications at each respective shared antenna panel. Theelectronic device 52 may transmit an indication to each base stationthat is expected to communicate using the component carrier received bythe shared antenna panel. In some cases, the electronic device 52 mayidentify a frequency range of a packet received when determining thesignal strength at block 258, and may use the identified frequency rangeto transmit the indication to the base station. The base stations 50and/or the electronic device 52 may proceed to operate according tomethods described herein where receive delays are considered whendelaying downlink operations and/or assigning uplink allocations, suchas methods described in at least FIG. 9 and/or FIG. 10. Consideringreceive delays may permit the base stations 50 sending packets on afrequency range to an antenna panel shared by another frequency range toreduce a likelihood of overlapping downlink operations and uplinkoperations occurring, thereby improving communication operations of thewireless network.

In response to transmitting the indications at block 266 and/or block268, the electronic device 52 may, at block 270, receive an updatedcommunication configuration from one or more base stations 50 toreconfigure how the electronic device 52 is to communicate with the oneor more base stations 50. Similar to as described above, the electronicdevice 52 may communicate with the base stations 50 after applying theupdated communication configuration to avoid any unpermittedsimultaneous uplink communications and downlink communications, therebyimproving communication operations between the electronic device 52 andthe base stations 50. The electronic device 52 may adjust operation ofits receiver and/or its transmitter when applying the updatedcommunication configuration.

To elaborate further on the operation of the base stations 50 whenconsidering indications from the electronic device 52 on whethersimultaneous (e.g., overlapping) communications between componentcarriers 56 is permitted, FIG. 19 is a flow chart of a method 282 foroperating a base station, such as the base station 50C, to communicatewith the electronic device 52 based at least in part on antenna panelsof the electronic device 52, according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure. It is noted that, although depicted in a particular order,the blocks of the method 282 may be performed in any suitable order, andat least some blocks may be skipped altogether. As described herein, themethod 282 is described as performed by the base station 50C, however,it should be understood that any suitable processing and/or controlcircuitry may perform some or all of the operations of the method 282,such as one or more of the processors 12. It is noted that, as describedabove, the base station 50C transmits to and/or receives messages fromthe electronic device 52 using frequencies within a frequency range ofthe component carrier 56A.

At block 284, the base station 50C receive an indication from theelectronic device 52 associated with communication on one or morecomponent carriers 56 (e.g., first component carrier, second componentcarrier). The indication may be the same indication generated by theelectronic device 52 at block 266 and/or block 268 of the method 256.The base station 50C may, at block 286, determine whether simultaneoustransmission and/or reception is supported. In other words, the basestation 50C may determine whether uplink operations and downlinkoperations may occur at least partially simultaneous to each other. Thebase station 50C may interpret a voltage level and/or data transmittedas the indication to determine whether the electronic device 52 isoperating to permit simultaneous communications from one or morecomponent carriers 56.

When the base station 50C determines that the indication communicatesthat the electronic device 52 is able to process simultaneous downlinkand uplink operations, the base station 50C may, at block 288, transmitone or more packets on the component carrier 56A according to anoriginal communication configuration (e.g., a first communicationconfiguration that is not updated) without consideration for whetheroverlapping downlink operations and uplink operations are expected tooccur and/or without consideration for transmission delays associatedwith at least one other component carrier. However, when the basestation 50C determines that the indication is communicating that theelectronic device 52 is unable to process simultaneous downlinkoperations and uplink operations, the base station 50C may, at block290, transmit one or more packets according to an updated communicationconfiguration. The updated communication configuration may be generatedusing one or more of the above-described systems and/or methods, andthus may consider transmission delays when being generated and applied.

Keeping the foregoing in mind, in some cases, one or more base stations50 may estimate the receive delay and/or have access to an indication ofa receive delay to apply to communication configurations. For example,the receive delay may be hardcoded at an installation of one or more ofthe base stations 50, and thus may be accessible in memory to the one ormore processors 12 of the base stations 50. In other cases, the basestations 50 may include separate transceiver circuitry to send signalsto and/or receive signals from neighboring base stations 50. Inter-basestation communication may enable the base stations 50 to determine areceive delay expected to be seen by the electronic device 52. Thisprocess may involve triangulation processes and/or analyzing globalpositioning service (GPS) data associated with a physical location ofthe electronic device 52 relative to physical locations of the basestations 50 to determine the receive delay.

Furthermore, it is noted that component carriers 56 may operatecontiguously in a same frequency band (e.g., referred to as intra-bandcontiguous carrier aggregation), non-contiguously in a same frequencyband but separated by one or more frequency gaps (e.g., referred to asintra-band non-contiguous carrier aggregation), and/or in differentfrequency bands (e.g., inter-band carrier aggregation). The basestations 50 may receive from and/or transmit to a downlink controlinformation (DCI). The DCI may include information used to scheduledownlink data channel (e.g., Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH))and/or to schedule uplink data channels (e.g., Physical Uplink SharedChannel (PUSCH)). Additionally or alternatively, the base stations 50may receive a media access control protocol address (MAC address) thatuniquely identifies a network interface controller (NIC), and which maybe used as a network address in communications within a network segment,such as to identify communications to and/or from the electronic device52. The base stations 50 may use processes, such as Radio ResourceControl (RRC) protocol processes, to transmit messages between basestations 50 of a radio network (e.g., wireless network provided by basestations 50) and/or between the electronic device 52. Furthermore, thebase stations 50 may include an access management device that performsoperations, such as Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF),associated with deployment of the radio network (e.g., wireless network,cellular network, core network of a cellular service provider). Theaccess management device may also perform operations associated withregistering and/or maintain information associated with user devicesaccessing and/or attempting to access the radio network, such as UserPlane Functions (UPF). In this way, access management device of eachbase station 50 may access permissions associated with SIM cards of theelectronic device 52 when registering the electronic device 52 to thewireless network.

Technical effects of the present disclosure include systems and methodsfor operating transceiver circuitry to transmit or receive signals onvarious frequency ranges. Frequency ranges may be used to definecomponent carriers, and some electronic devices may be unable to performsimultaneous uplink operations and downlink operations. Operations thatdelay performance of downlink operations when an uplink operation is tobe performed may be improved by considering delays experienced by anelectronic device when receiving messages (e.g., packets) on differentcomponent carriers originating from base stations disposed differentdistances from the electronic device. For example, the uplink operationallocation may be scheduled to occur at a later time than what ispermitted from a previous downlink operation to improve alignment of theuplink operation allocation to a downlink operation allocation for adifferent component carrier.

The specific embodiments described above have been shown by way ofexample, and it should be understood that these embodiments may besusceptible to various modifications and alternative forms. It should befurther understood that the claims are not intended to be limited to theparticular forms disclosed, but rather to cover all modifications,equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope ofthis disclosure.

The techniques presented and claimed herein are referenced and appliedto material objects and concrete examples of a practical nature thatdemonstrably improve the present technical field and, as such, are notabstract, intangible or purely theoretical. Further, if any claimsappended to the end of this specification contain one or more elementsdesignated as “means for [perform]ing [a function] . . . ” or “step for[perform]ing [a function] . . . ”, it is intended that such elements areto be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f). However, for any claimscontaining elements designated in any other manner, it is intended thatsuch elements are not to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f).

What is claimed is:
 1. A user equipment comprising: an antenna panel; atransmitter communicatively coupled to the antenna panel; a receivercommunicatively coupled to the antenna panel; and one or more processorscommunicatively coupled to the transmitter and the receiver, wherein theone or more processors are configured to operate the receiver to receivea first packet via a first component carrier from a first base station,determine a signal strength associated with the first component carrier,assign the antenna panel to the first component carrier based on thesignal strength, operate the transmitter to transmit an indication tothe first base station that simultaneous uplink operations and downlinkoperations are permitted based on assignment of the antenna panel,operate the receiver to receive a communication configuration from thefirst base station via the first component carrier, the communicationconfiguration generated by the first base station based on theindication, and operate the receiver to receive a signal via the firstcomponent carrier according to the communication configuration.
 2. Theuser equipment of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors areconfigured to applying the communication configuration by changing oneor more uplink allocations, one or more downlink allocations, or both,used for communication on the first component carrier, a secondcomponent carrier, or both, to adjust a previously applied communicationconfiguration.
 3. The user equipment of claim 1, wherein the one or moreprocessors are configured to operate the receiver to receive the firstpacket at a first time and a second packet at a second time, determine afirst difference between the first time and the second time, operate thetransmitter to transmit an indication of the first difference via thefirst component carrier to the first base station, operate the receiverto receive a third packet at a third time between the first time and thesecond time on a second component carrier from a second base station,operate the receiver to receive a fourth packet at a fourth time betweenthe first time and the second time on a fourth component carrier from athird base station, and report the first difference between the firsttime and the second time as a maximum receive time delay (MRTD) to thefirst base station, the second base station, the third base station, orany combination thereof in response to determining that the firstdifference is greater than each of a second difference between the thirdtime and the second time, a third difference between the fourth time andthe second time, and a threshold value of time.
 4. The user equipment ofclaim 3, wherein the one or more processors reporting the firstdifference as the MRTD to the first base station, the second basestation, the third base station, or any combination thereof, is repeatedbased on a radio resource control (RRC) protocol message, a mediumaccess control (MAC) protocol message, a message transmitted via aphysical layer signaling, a control signal, according to timingparameters or on a timing schedule, or any combination thereof.
 5. Theuser equipment of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors areconfigured to operate the receiver to receive a second packet via asecond component carrier from a second base station, and determine asignal strength associated with the second component carrier.
 6. Theuser equipment of claim 5, wherein the one or more processors areconfigured to assign an additional antenna panel to the second componentcarrier based on the signal strength associated with the secondcomponent carrier.
 7. The user equipment of claim 5, wherein the one ormore processors are configured to determine that different antennapanels are assigned to the first component carrier and the secondcomponent carrier, and operate the transmitter to transmit theindication indicating that simultaneous uplink operations and downlinkoperations are permitted to the first base station based on determiningthat different antenna panels are assigned to the first componentcarrier and the second component carrier.
 8. A method, comprising:receiving, at a receiver of an electronic device, a first packet via afirst component carrier from a first base station, determining, by oneor more processors of the electronic device, a signal strengthassociated with the first component carrier, assigning, by the one ormore processors, an antenna panel to the first component carrier basedon the signal strength, transmitting, by a transmitter of the electronicdevice, a first indication to the first base station that simultaneousuplink operations and downlink operations are permitted based onassignment of the antenna panel, receiving, at the receiver, acommunication configuration via the first component carrier generatedbased on the first indication, and receiving, at the receiver, a secondpacket via the first component carrier according to the communicationconfiguration.
 9. The method of claim 8, comprising receiving, by thereceiver, a third packet via a second component carrier at a second timeaccording to a second communication configuration, the second componentcarrier being associated with transmissions from a second base station.10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first component carrier and thesecond component carrier are each associated with packets received atdifferent antenna panels.
 11. The method of claim 9, comprisingdetermining, via the one or more processors, a receive delay between afirst time that the first packet was received via the first componentcarrier and the second time that the third packet was received via thesecond component carrier, transmitting, at the receiver, a secondindication of the receive delay to the first base station based on thereceive delay is being greater than a threshold amount, and receiving,at the receiver, the communication configuration via the first componentcarrier generated based the second indication.
 12. The method of claim9, wherein the first component carrier transmits the first packet usinga first frequency range, and wherein the second component carriertransmits the third packet using a second frequency range different fromthe first frequency range.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the firstfrequency range and the second frequency range are ranges of frequenciesbetween 24 Gigahertz (GHz) and 48 GHz.
 14. The method of claim 9,wherein the communication configuration is generated based on the firstindication and a first numerology corresponding to the first componentcarrier, the first numerology indicating a frequency of communicationtransmission sent via the first component carrier.
 15. A method,comprising: transmitting, by a transmitter of a base station, a firstmessage on a first component carrier according to a first communicationconfiguration, receiving, by one or more processors of the base station,an indication from an electronic device indicating whether simultaneousuplink operations and downlink operations are permitted based onassigning an antenna panel based on signal strength, based at least inpart on the indication indicating that non-simultaneous uplinkoperations and downlink operations are permitted, generating, by the oneor more processors, a second communication configuration based at leastin part on the indication indicating that non-simultaneous uplinkoperations and downlink operations are permitted, transmitting, by thetransmitter, the second communication configuration to the electronicdevice on the first component carrier, applying, by the one or moreprocessors, the second communication configuration to replace the firstcommunication configuration corresponding to the first componentcarrier, and transmitting, by the transmitter, a third message to theelectronic device on the first component carrier according to the secondcommunication configuration, and based at least in part on theindication indicating that the simultaneous uplink operations anddownlink operations are permitted, transmitting, by transmitter, thethird message to the electronic device on the first component carrieraccording to the first communication configuration.
 16. The method ofclaim 15, wherein generating the second communication configurationcomprises receiving, by a receiver of the base station, one or morenumerology parameters from a network provider or from an additional basestation, and generating, by the one or more processors, the secondcommunication configuration based at least in part on the indicationindicating that non-simultaneous uplink operations and downlinkoperations are permitted and the one or more numerology parameters. 17.The method of claim 16, comprising receiving, by the receiver, arelationship that defines a duration of time to delay downlinkcommunications on one or more component carriers corresponding to theone or more numerology parameters, and generating, by the one or moreprocessors, the second communication configuration at least in part byadjusting one or more downlink operations as to delay the one or moredownlink operations based on the duration of time corresponding to theone or more numerology parameters.
 18. The method of claim 15,comprising selecting, by the one or more processors, a receive delayfrom a plurality of receive delays at least in part by determining thereceive delay corresponding to a greatest amount of time of theplurality of receive delays, and wherein each respective receive delayof the plurality of receive delays is associated with a differentcomponent carrier.
 19. The method of claim 15, comprising determining,by the one or more processors, that non-simultaneous uplink operationsand downlink operations are permitted based on the antenna panel beingshared by the first component carrier with a second component carrier ofthe base station.
 20. The method of claim 19, comprising transmitting,by the transmitter, a fourth message to the electronic device on thesecond component carrier according to the second communicationconfiguration based at least in part on the indication indicating thatnon-simultaneous uplink operations and downlink operations arepermitted.